James Madison, America’s fourth president and an indispensable co-author of the Constitution, wrote Thomas Jefferson a letter in 1796 in which he described the Swiss-born American Albert Gallatin ...

The Embargo Act of 1807 was depicted as a snapping turtle in a contemporary political cartoon. “Ograbme” is “embargo spelled backwards. Image via Library of Congress Vermonters weren’t particularly ...

Note: This is the second of three essays about America’s longest-serving Treasury secretary, Albert Gallatin. Part one can be read here. All three are dedicated to my good friends, the Eddy Family of ...